Stasiun Sterilizer Pabrik Kelapa Sawit

Sterilizer Pabrik Kelapa Sawit merupakan suatu bejana uap yang memiliki tekanan, memiliki fungsi untuk merebus tanda buah segar / TBS dengan menggunakan mesin pemanas. Media itu merupakan uap basah berasal dari sisa pembuangan turbin uap yang memiliki tekanan kurang lebih 3 kg/cm2 serta temperature kurang lebih 145 derjat Celsius. Alat sterilizer kelapa sawit tersebut disebut juga dengan bejana rebusan / ketel rebusan serta biasanya alat tersebut sebagai media perebusan buah kelapa sawit.

 

Terdapat dua mecam type sterilizer biasa digunakan adalah sterilizer adalah vertical serta horizontal. Vertical sterilizer pabrik kelapa sawit memiliki bentuk silinder dengan memiliki muatan 2-6 ton TBS. Buah pada isi melalui pintu bagian atas serta dikeluarkan melalui pintu keluar sebelah sisi bagian depan bawah. Di bagian sterilizer dialasi menggunakan plat yang memiliki lubang dipasang menurun pada arah pintu hingga memudahkan untuk dapat mengeluarkan isinya.

Sedang sterilizer horizontal memiliki bentuk silinder dipasang mendatar, ditumpu berdasarkan panjangnya. Sterilizer horizontal memiliki pintu, adajuga yang memiliki pintu dua. Sterilizer tersebut diisi dengan menggunakan tandan buah yang di masukan pada lori. Lori tersebut ada yang memiliki kapasitas 1,5 ton serta 2,5 ton TBS. Sterilizer horizontal bisa dimuati dengan 8-10 lor untuk satu kali perebusan dengan memiliki muatan perlori 2,5 ton TBS.

Perbedaan antara sterilizer horizontal dan vertical sterilizer pabrik kelapa sawit tersebut yaitu :

  • Vertical sterilizer pabrik kelapa sawit lebih sederhana dengan bentuk dan lebih rendah biaya investasinya jika dibandingkan bersama sterilizer horizontal.
  • Kapasitas sterilizer vertical kecil jika dibandigkan dengan sterilizer horizontal karena sterilizer vertical hanya bisa digunakan terhadap pabrik yang memiliki kapasitas terbatas.
  • Pada sterilizer horizontal kerugian minyak pada janjangan yang kosong serta pada air embun perebusan lebih tinggi dibandingan dengan vertical sterilizer pabrik kelapa sawit.
  • Diperlukan waktu lama untuk dapat membongkar isi sterilizer vertical karena di lakukan dengan tangan manusia sendiri pabila dibandingkan dengan sterilizer horizontal dilakukan secara mekanik.

Perkembangan alat perebusan terakhir yaitu sterilizer mendatar. Stasiun sterilizer tersebut umumnya dilengkapi dengan :

Pipa uap masuk

Ukuran pipa tersebut harus cukup besar untuk dapat mempercepat kenaikan tekanan pada sterilizer pabrik kelapa sawit serta umumnya digunakan pipa yang memiliki ukuran 6 inchi. Disamping adanya pelat pembagi uap pada sterilizer ditambah juga dengan pipa uap yang telah terpasang di luar sebelah bagian atas sterilizer.

Pipa pengeluaran uap serta kondensat

Pipa pengurasan /pembuangan uap yang terletak pada bagian atas sterilizer. Ukuran pipa pembuangan tersebut biasanya 8 inchi. Pipa tersebut dilengkapi dengan pereda suara. Lubang pengeluaran di tutup oleh kotak plat memiliki lubang sebagai penahan buah serta kotoran lainnya. Pipa pengurasan kondensat di pasang pada bagian bawah sterilizer. Selain pipa tersebut juga ada pipa samping/by pass pipa yang memiliki ukuran 3 inchi sebagai pembuangan air kondensat.

Alat –Alat Pembantu Serta Pengaman Pada Sterilizer

Diantaranya yaitu :

  • Manometer, untuk dapat melihat gerak tekanan uap selama perebusan.
  • Thermometer gauge, untuk dapat mengetahui besar temperature terhadap rebusan kelapa sawit berbanding lurus dengan kenaikan tekanan.
  • Butterfly valve, untuk penyekat aliran misalnya globe valve serta gate valve. Butterfly valve ada penutup aliran yang dilakukan dengan pemutaran disc (cakra) terhadap porosnya tegak lurus dengan sumbu pipa maupun penutup aliran bisa dilakukan dengan otomatis.
  • Check valve, untuk dapat mengarahkan aliran yang searah. Apabila terjadi aliran berlawanan arah maka katub dapat menutup.
  • Safety valve, dapat mengatasi tekanan uap terlalu tinggi yang masuk pada sterilizer pks.
  • Lori, menempatkan buah akan direbus. Lori tempat buah dibuat lubang dengan diameter 0,5 inchi, memiliki fungsi untuk mempertinggi penetrasi uap terhadap buah serta penetesan air kondensat dintara buah.
  • Jaringan rel, jaringan rel ini harus rata serta tidak naik turun, tidak bengkok serta jembatan rel ketika digunakan harus duduk secara tepat terhadap rebusan kedudukannya yang tegak lurus terhadap rel serta lubang.

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