Yuk belajar tentang pengolahan air untuk Boiler Pabrik Kelapa Sawit,
Pada pabrik kelapa sawit secara umum ada beberapa stasiun yang akan dilalui oleh kelapa sawit untuk dilalui dan diolah hingga menjadi bahan yang siap pakai. Salah satunya adalah stasiun pengolahan air atau water treatment pabrik kelapa sawit. Di stasiun ini akan melewati pengolahan untuk mendapatkan hasil terbaik seperti di stasiun-stasiun lain.
Pengolahan air pabrik kelapa sawit melewati beberapa perlakuan atau tahapan. Tahapan ini dilakukan satu demi satu, dan semua kelapa sawit harus melalui tahapan ini untuk hasil yang maksimal. Ada tiga tahapan yang harus dilalui, yaitu:
Penjernihan air. Pengolahan air baku atau mentah ditujukan untuk menghilangkan semua kotoran yang ada di dalam air. Metodenya sendiri dibagi menjadi tiga jenis, yaitu:
- Penjernihan (clarification). Adalah proses pengendapan semua kotoran dan lumpur yang melayang di dalam air. Proses ini dibantu dengan penggunaan bahan kimia. Prosesnya melalui beberapa tahap yaitu koagulasi, flokulasi, dan sedimentasi
- Penyaringan (filtrasi). Meski ada di tahap kedua, namun tahapan ini juga dikenal sebagai tahap terakhir dari proses penjernihan air. Alat yang digunakan adalah pressure sand filter
- Chlorinasi (disinfeksi). Adalah proses pemusnahan bakteri dan virus yang terkandung dalam air. Prosesnya sendiri dilakukan dengan menambahkan chlorin atau kaporit di air yang akan dikirimkan ke water tank
2. Pelunakan air. Pada proses ini water treatment plant pabrik kelapa sawit mengalami proses yang bertujuan menghilangkan atau justru menurunkan kesadahan air, silica TDS dan juga kandungan O2 dalam air. Tujuannya agar air memenuhi syarat untuk dipakai sebagai umpan boiler. Jika kandungan garam kesadahan air tidak dihilangkan atau kadarnya menurun, maka akan menyebabkan kerak di pipa boiler. Umumnya alat yang dipakai dalam proses ini adalah:
- Softener yang merupakan mesin penukar ion yang berfungsi menurunkan kesadahan air
- Demineralizer plant adalah resin penukar kation dan anion untuk menurunkan kesadahan, silica dan juga total dissolved solid (TDS)
- Dearator yang merupakan alat pemanas air umpan boiler. Tujuannya adalah menghilangkan gas yang larut seperti oksigen, ammonia dan karbon dioksida yang bisa menyebabkan korosi
3. Internal treatment. Selanjutnya, pada tahap ini akan memasuki tahap pengolahan limbah cair pabrik kelapa sawit yang dilakukan di dalam boiler dan bertujuan mencegah kerak terbentuk, mencegah korosi dan juga mencegah adanya carry over. Berpacu pada analisa kimia, semua jenis dan jumlah kandungan zat yang di dalamnya dapat diketahui.
- Carry over. Proses ini terjadi karena masuknya uap air balik dan juga kelebihan solid yang larut dan tidak larut. Alkanity yang tinggi dan juga kandungan minyak di air menjadi penyebab kerusakan pipa super heater dan berimbas pada kurangnya efisiensi turbin. Proses masuknya air dan uap sendiri terbagi menjadi dua, yaitu priming yang terjadi karena penurunan tekanan yang tiba-tiba dan foaming yang muncul akibat gelembung uap di permukaan air dalam drum uap
Pengolahan air pabrik kelapa sawit untuk boiler harus dilakukan dengan benar agar layak pakai. Jika tidak, akan menimbulkan kerak di dinding pipa pemanas atau drum. Efeknya, akan menimbulkan hal-hal buruk seperti:
- Boiler tidak bekerja secara efisien
- Bahan bakar untuk menaikkan steam kurang
- Uap yang dihasilkan kurang, mutunya jelek, dan kapasitasnya berkurang
- Proses pemanasan air butuh waktu lama
- Pemanasan lokal di pipa akan berakibat over heating
Jadi, sudah tahu kan kenapa stasiun pengolahan air termasuk stasiun yang penting di pabrik kelapa sawit?
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