Yuk belajar Bagian-Bagian Boiler Pada Pabrik Kelapa Sawit,
Gambar boiler pabrik kelapa sawit pasti sudah banyak dijumpai oleh mereka yang memang bekerja atau berbisnis pada bidang ini. Jika merujuk pada gambarnya, boiler terbagi menjadi beberapa bagian. Setiap bagian ini bekerja sesuai fungsi masing-masing, yang pada akhirnya mengolah kelapa sawit menjadi bahan siap pakai. Mengenal bagian boiler kelapa sawit akan memudahkan Anda dalam mempelajari kinerjanya dalam pabrik kelapa sawit.
Untuk perawatan boiler pabrik kelapa sawit sendiri memang harus dilakukan secara rutin dan harus diperhatikan jangka waktunya. Biasanya, bisa dilakukan perawatan mingguan atau bulanan untuk memastikan setiap komponennya masih layak pakai. Ada tiga belas bagian boiler yang harus diperhatikan, sehingga proses boiler pabrik kelapa sawit tetap bias berjalan seperti semula tanpa ada gangguan.
- Ruang bakar (dapur). Bahan bakar akan dibakar di bagian ini dan menghasilkan gas panas. Terdapat beberapa lubang yang menjadi tempat keluar masuknya udara pembakaran agar dapat terjadi pembakaran sempurna. Pada ruangan ini dikelilingi oleh banyaknya tube air yang mampu menyerap uap panas hasil produksi steam
- Upper drum. Terbuat dari low karbon steel dengan campuran chrome, vanadium, dan molybdenum. Fungsinya adalah untuk menampung air umpan yang akan didistribusikan ke pipa air pembangkit steam, dan menampung uap dari pipa pembangkit
- Header air umpan. Berbentuk silinder bejana yang diletakkan di sekeliling dapur dan di bawah fire grade yang ada di dinding depan boiler. Fungsinya untuk menampung air umpan dan mendistribusikan ke pipa air pembangkit uap
- Header
- Tube air pembangkit uap. Di sini, air akan diubah menjadi uap dengan pemanasan gas dari dapur. Tube disusun sedemikian rupa agar bisa menerima panas secara maksimal
- Downcomer pipe. Pipa ini tidak memperoleh pemanasan dari gas panas. Tugasnya mengalirkan umpan boiler dari upper drum ke header, upper drum ke drum bawah, dan upper drum ke header.
- Tube superheater. Uap kering dinaikkan ke uap superheat dengan panas 2800 ke 3000 Celcius. Isinya adalah uap dari upper drum yang selanjutnya dipanaskan oleh gas panas dan didistribusikan ke header uap. Selanjutnya, akan digunakan oleh turbin
- Multicyclone Dust Collector. Fungsinya menangkap abu yang tidak sengaja terbawa gas panas, sehingga tidak langsung terbuang ke udara
- Cerobong asap. Gas sisa pembakaran akan dibuang di sini. Serta, fungsi lainnya adalah menurunkan suhu gas panas dari dapur sebelum dibuang.
- Ekonomiser. Temperatur air umpan akan dinaikkan di sini dengan memanfaatkan sisa gas panas.
- Air heater. Berfungsi untuk menaikkan temperature pembakaran yang terjadi di dapur boiler.
- Insulasi.Bagian ini akan menjaga keamanan lingkungan dan efisiensi boiler. Serta, panas yang hilang karena tingginya temperatur dapur boiler akan dikurangi di sini.
- Peralatan pemisah air dan uap. Ada tiga tipe yang digunakan, yaitu dry pipe, chevron drier, dan cyclone separator. Ketiganya mempunyai fungsi yang berbeda-beda, namun secara umum akan memisahkan bulir air yang terbawa uap saat memasuki upper drum.
Biasanya, kapasitas boiler kelapa sawit ada di angka 20 ton/jam dengan efisiensi boiler sebesar 75%. Ketel uap atau boiler pada pabrik kelapa sawit sendiri dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu ketel pipa air dan ketel pipa api. Produsen dapat memilihnya sesuai dengan kebutuhan.
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