Katel Uap / Boiler Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
Ketel uap pabrik kelapa sawit adalah salah satu alat konversi energy yang telah merubah air hingga menjadi uap dengan pemanasan serta panas di butuhkan air untuk penguapan yang didapatkan dari pembakaran bahan bakar di ruang bakar ketel uap.
Uap atau energy kalor dihasilkan ketel uap pabrik sawit bisa digunakan semua peralatan yang membutuhkan uap pada pabrik sawit, terutama turbin. Turbin yang satu ini merupakan turbin uap yang mana sumber penggerak generatornya yaitu uap dihasilkan dari ketel uap. Selain turbin alat lainnya di pabrik sawit membutuhkan uap seperti di sterilizer atau alat memasak TBS, serta distasiun pemurnian minyak atau klarifikasi. Maka itu kualitas uap dahasilkan harus berdasarkan dengan keutuhan yang terdapat di pabrik sawit tersebut. Karena apabila tidak, maka akan mengganggu proses pengoalahan pabrik kelapa sawit.
Bahan Bakar Ketel Uap Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
Supaya kualitas uap dihasilakan dari ketel uap pada pabrik kelapa sawit berdasarkan dengan yang inginkan maka dibutuhkan juga sejumlah panas dan menguapkan air tersebut, yang mana panas tersebut didapatkan dari pembakaran bahan bakar di tuangan bakar ketel. Untuk dapat pembakaran sempurna pada ketel maka diperlukan syarat, diantaranya :
- Perbandingan penggunaan bahan bakar harus berdasarkan dengan cangkang serta serabut.
- Udara dipakai harus mencukupi.
- Waktu diperlukan untuk proses pembakaran yang cukup.
- Panas yang cukup sehingga dapat memulai pembakaran.
- Kerapatan cukup untuk dapat merambatkan nyala api.
Hal tersebut, bahan bakar digunakan yaitu serabut serta cangkang. Adapun alasannya menggunakan serabut serta cangkang sebagai bahan bakar yaitu :
- Bahan bakar cangkang serta serabut cukup ada serta mudah sekali didapatkan di pabrik.
- Cangkang serta serabut adalah limbah dari pabrik sawit tidak digunakan.
- Nilai kalor bahan cangkang serta serabut memperoleh persyaratan untuk dapat menghasilkan panas yang dibutuhkan.
- Sisa dari pembakaran bahan bakar bisa digunakan sebagai pupuk bagi tanaman sawit.
Cangkang merupakan sejenis bahan bakar yang padat memiliki warna hitam, bentuk seperti batok kelapa serta sedikit bulat. Ada di bagian buah kelapa sawit yang telah diselubungi serabut. Bahan bakar cangkang ini terdapat unsur-unsur kimia yaitu Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oksigen serta abu. Yang mana unsur kimia terkandung pada cangkang yang memiliki presentasi persen yang berbeda-beda jumlahnya. Bahan bakar cangkang tersebut sesudah mengalami proses pembakaran berubah menjadi arang. lalu arang tersebut, udara di dapur akan terbang sebagai sebuah ukuran partikel kecil dinamakan dengan peatikel pijar.
Perhitungan Bahan Bakar Boiler Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
Penggunaan perhitungan bahan bakar boiler pabrik kelapa sawit fibre press serta shell sebgai sebuah bahan bakar untuk boiler pabrik kelapa sawit lebih daricukup untuk dapat menghasilkan steam sampai tekanan yang diperlukan turbin. Bahkan penggunaannya dapat dihemat hingga shell masih tersisa, dibawah ini teorinya :
- Untuk dapat membangkitkan 1 kg air di 30 deg menjadi steam siperlukan panas hingga 912 kcal.
- Kebutuhan listrik per ton FFB diolah yaitu 20 kw.
- Kebutuhan steam per ton diolah yaitu 0,7 ton steam.
Energy yang di dapatkan dari bakar produk sampingan PKS :
Fibre press (14% to FBB) kandungan basah 40%
– CV = 4586 kcal/kg keadaan kering.
– Total CV = kapasitas pabrik x 14 % x 60 % x 4586.
Shell (6% to FBB) dengan kandungan basah 10%
– CV = 5122 kcal/kg keadaan kering.
– Total CV = kapasitas pabrik x 6% x 90% x 5122.
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